1. Reviewed Literature

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- Aebischer, U. and Ch. Schär (1994): High resolution simulation of low-level flow features in the Alpine region. Ann. Meteor. (N.F.), 30, 125-128.

- Albertz, J. (1991): Grundlagen der Interpretation von Luft- und Satellitenbildern. Wissenschaftl. Buchges., Darmstadt, 204 p.

- Alpert, P. and H. Shafir (1989): Meso-gamma-scale distribution of orographic precipitation: numerical study and comparison with precipitation derived from radar measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1105-1117.

- Andreani-Aksoyoglu, S., and J. Keller (1994): Estimates of monoterpene and isoprene emissions from the forests in Switzerland. J. Atmos. Chem., $$, $$-$$ (in press).

- Andreassen, X., C.E. Wasberg, D.C. Fritts, and J.R. Isler (1994): Gravity wave breaking in two and three dimensions. 1. Model description and comparision of two-dimensional evolutions. J. Geophys. Res., 99D, 8095-8108.

- Andrieu H., J.D. Creutin, G. Delrieu, and D. Faure (1996): Use of a weather radar for the hydrology of a mountainous area. Part 1: Radar measurement interpretation. J. Hydrol., (submitted).

- Anthes, R. A., W. Y. Kuo, E. Hsie, S. Low-Nam, and T. W. Bettge (1989): Estimation of skill and uncertainty in regional numerical models. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 115, 763-806.

- Anthes, R.A. and T.T. Warner (1978): Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1045-1078.

- Appenzeller, Ch. and H.C. Davies (1992): Structure of stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere. Nature, 358, 570-572.

- Armi, L. and R. Williams (1993): The hydraulics of a stratified fluid flowing through a contraction. J. Fluid Mech., 251, 355-375.

- ASCOT Investigators (1989): Contributions from the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) program. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 401-542 and 545-689.

- Auer, I. (1993): Zur Geschichte der Niederschläge unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Oesterreichs seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Historicum, Frühling 93, 25-32.

- Bacchi, B., R. Ranzi, and M. Borga (1996): Recognition of the statistical character of spatial patterns of rainfall cells. J. Geophys. Res., 101D, 26277-26286.

- Bacmeister, J.T. (1993): Mountain wave drag in the stratosphere and mesosphere inferred from observed winds and a simple parameterization scheme. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 377-399.

- Bacmeister, J.T. and M.R. Schoeberl (1989): Breakdowm of vertically propagating two dimensional gravity waves forced by orography. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2109-2134.

- Bacmeister, J.T. and R.T.Pierrehumbert (1988): On high drag states of nonlinear, stratified flow over an obstacle. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 63-80.

- Bacmeister, J.T., P.A. Newman, B.L. Gary, and K.R. Chan (1994): An algorithm for forecasting mountain wave-related turbulence in the stratosphere. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 241-253.

- Bader, D.C. and T.B. McKee (1985): Effects of shear, stability and valley characteristics on the destruction of temperature inversions. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 24, 822-832.

- Bader, D.C. and T.B. McKee (1992): Mesoscale boundary-layer evolution over complex terrain. Part II): Factors controlling nocturnal boundary-layer structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 802-816.

- Baines, P.G. (1977): Upstream influence and Long's model in stratified flows. J. Fluid Mech., 82, 147-159.

- Baines, P.G. (1979): Observations of stratified flow past three-dimensional barriers. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7834-7838.

- Baines, P.G. (1987): Upstream blocking and airflow over mountains. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 19, 75-97.

- Baines, P.G. and F. Guest (1988): The nature of upstream blocking in uniformly stratified flow over long obstacles. J. Fluid Mech., 188, 23-45.

- Baines, P.G. and H. Granek (1990): Hydraulic models of deep stratified flows over topography. In: L.J. Pratt (ed.): The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, Kluwer Academic Press, 245-269.

- Baines, P.G. and K.P. Hoinka (1985): Stratified flow over two-dimensional topography in fluid of infinite depth: A laboratory simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1614-1630.

- Baines, P.G. and K.P. Hoinka (1985): Stratified flow over two-dimensional topography in fluid of infinite depth: a laboratory simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1614-1630.

- Baines, P.G., and R. Steinacker (1987): Flow separation and vortex shedding as a mechanism for cyclogenesis in the lee of the Alps. Nature, $$, $$-$$.

- Bajic, A. (1983): Zonalna harmonicka analiza atmosferskih valova na podrucju Alpa (Zonal harmonic analysis of the atmospheric waves in the Alpine region). Z. meteor. hidrol. rad. (Meteorological and hydrological works), 9, 3-8.

- Bajic, A. (1984): Strujanje u gornjem dijelu doline Save prema Wippermannovom modelu (Airflow in the upper part of the Sava valley according to Wippermann's model). Croatian Meteor. J., 28, 21-36.

- Bajic, A. (1987): Cold air outbreak and the Adriatic bora. Geofizika, 4, 27-34.

- Bajic, A. (1988): The strongest bora event during ALPEX SOP. Croatian Meteor. J., 23, 1-12.

- Bajic, A. (1989): Olujna bura na srednjem Jadranu: 2-3 ozujak 1982 (Severe bora on the middle Adriatic: 2-3 March 1982). Vijesti PMC , 1, 13-20.

- Bajic, A. (1989): Severe bora on the northern Adriatic. Part I: Statistical analysis. Croatian Meteor. J., 24, 1-9.

- Bajic, A. (1990): Small valley wind characteristics-an observational study. Z. Meteor., 40, 377-382.

- Bajic, A. (1990): Spatial bora variations in relation to cold air outbreak and surface pressure gradient. Croatian Meteor. J., 25, 13-24.

- Bajic, A. (1991): Application of the two-layer hydraulic theory on the severe northern Adriatic Bora. Meteor. Rdsch., 44, 129-133.

- Bajic, A. (1992): Areal analysis of the strongest north Adriatic ALPEX bora case. Croatian Meteor. J., 27, 12-29.

- Baltensperger, U., H.W. Gäggeler, D.T. Jost, M. Emmenegger, and W. Nägeli (1991): Continous background aerosol monitoring with the epiphaniometer. Atmos. Environ., 25A, 629-634.

- Bannon, P.J. (1984): A semi-geostrophic model of frontogenesis over topography. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 57, 393-408.

- Bannon, P.R. (1986): Deep and shallow quasi-geostrophic flow over mountains. Tellus, 38A, 162-169.

- Banta, R.M. (1984): Daytime boundary-layer evolution over mountainous terrain. Part I: Observations of the dry circulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 340-356.

- Banta, R.M. (1986): Daytime boundary-layer evolution over mountainous terrain. Part II: Numerical studies of upslope flow duration. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1112-1130.

- Banta, R.M. (1990): The role of mountain flows in making clouds. In: Blumen, W. (ed.), Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain. Meteor. Monogr., No. 45, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 229-283.

- Banta, R.M. and C.B. Schaaf (1987): Thunderstorm genesis zones in the Colorado Rocky Mountains as determined by traceback of geosynchronous satellite images. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 463-476.

- Barr, S. and M.M. Orgill (1989): Influence of external meteorology on nocturnal valley drainage winds. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 497-517.

- Barros, A.P. and D.P. Lettenmaier (1993): Dynamic modeling of the spatial distribution of precipitation in remote mountainous areas. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1195-1214.

- Barry, R. G., and A. H. Perry (1973): Synoptic climatology: Methods and applications. Methuen & Co., London, 433 p.

- Barry, R.G. (1992): Mountain weather & climate. 2nd edition. Routledge, London, $$ p.

- Bauer, E.L. (1983): Eine Fallstudie zu orographischen Einflüssen auf das Wetter im Alpenraum. Ann. Meteor. (N.F.), 20, $$-$$.

- Baumbach, G., K. Baumann, A. Grauer, R. Semmler, B. Steisslinger, H. Wanner, Th. Kuenzle, and U. Neu (1993): A tethersonde measuring system for detection of O3, NO2, hydrocarbon concentrations, and meteorological parameters in the lower planetary boundary layer. Meteor. Z., N. F., 2, 178-188.

- Baumgartner, M.F. and A. Rango (1991): Snow cover mapping using microcumputer image processing systems. Nordic Hydrol., 22, 193-210.

- Bednarz, Z. (1984): The comparison of dendroclimatological reconstructions of summer temperatures from the Alps and Tatra Mountains from 1741-1965. Dendrochronologia, 2, 63-72.

- Belcher, G.D. and N. Wood (1996): Form and wave drag due to stably stratified turbulent flow over low ridges. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 122, 863-902.

- Bell, G.D. and L.F. Bosart (1988): Appalachian cold-air damming. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 137-161.

- Benech, B., J.L. Attié, A. Blanchard, P. Bougeault, P. Cazaudarré, A. Druilhet, P. Durand, E. Koffi, P. Prudhomme, and D.S. Tannhauser (1994): Observation of lee waves above the Pyrénées (French-Spanish PYREX experiment). Technical Soaring, 18, 7-12.

- Benjamin, S.G., K.A. Brewster, R. Bruemmer, B.F. Jewett, T.W. Schlatter, T.L. Smith, and P.A. Stamus (1991): An isentropic three-hourly data assimilation system using ACARS aircraft observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 888-906.

- Benjamin, T.B. (1970): Upstream influence. J. Fluid Mech., 40, 49-79.

- Bessemoulin, P., P. Bougeault, A. Genoves, A. Jansa Clar, and D. Puech (1993): Mountain pressure drag during PYREX. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 66, 305-325.

- Betts, A. K. and B. A. Albert (1987): Conserved variable analysis on the convective boundary-layer. Thermodynamic structure over tropical oceans. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 83-99.

- Betts, A.K., J.H. Ball, A.C.M. Beljaars, M.J. Miller, and P.A. Viterbo (1996): The land surface-atmosphere interaction: A review based on observational and global modelling perspectives. J. Geophys. Res., 101D, 7209-7225.

- Beven, K. (1989): Changing ideas in hydrology: The case of physically-based models. J. Hydrol., 105, 157-172.

- Beven, K. and E. F. Wood (1993): Flow routing and the hydrological response of channel networks. In: Channel Network Hydrology. John Wiley, New York, 99-128.

- Binder, P. (1990): On the parametric representation of the tropospheric thermodynamic structure for mid-latitude convective situations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 1349-1357.

- Binder, P., H.C. Davies, and J. Horn (1989): Free atmosphere kinematics above the northern Alpine foreland during ALPEX SOP. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 62, 30-45.

- Bleck, R. (1975): An economical approach to the use of wind data in the optimum interpolation of geo-and Montgomery potential fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 807-816.

- Bleck, R. (1977): Numerical simulation of lee cyclogenesis in the Gulf of Genoa. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 428-445.

- Bleck, R. (1984): An isentropic coordinate model suitable for lee cyclogenesis simulation. Riv. Meteor. Aeronaut. 44, 189-194.

- Bleck, R. and C. Mattocks (1984): A preliminary analysis of the role of potential vorticity in Alpine lee cyclogenesis. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 57, 357-368.

- Blöschl, G., R. Kirnbauer, and G. Gutknecht (1991): Distributed snowmelt simulations in an Alpine catchment, I: Model evaluation on the basis of snow cover patterns. Water Resour. Res., 27(12), 3171-3179.

- Blumen, W. (1965): A random model of momentum flux by mountain waves. Geof. Publ., 26, (2), 1-33.

- Blumen, W. (1965): Momentum flux by mountain waves in a stratified rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 529-534.

- Blumen, W. (1992): Propagation of fronts and frontogenesis versus frontolysis over orography. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 48, 37-50.

- Blumen, W. (ed.) (1990): Atmospheric processes over complex terrain. Meteor. Monogr., No. 45, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 323 p.

- Blumen, W. and C.D. McGregor (1976): Wave drag by three-dimensional mountain lee-waves in nonplanar shear flow. Tellus, 28, 287-298.

- Blumen, W. and S.C. Dietze (1981): An analysis of three-dimensional mountain lee waves in a stratified shear flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1949-1963.

- Blumen, W., and B.D. Gross (1987): Semigeostrophic flow over orography in a stratified rotating atmosphere. Part I): Steady three-dimensional solutions over finite ridges. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3007-3019.

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- Borga, M., A. Capovilla, F. Cazorzi and S. Fattorelli (1991): Development and application of a real-time flood forecasting system in the Veneto Region of Italy. Water Resour. Manag., 5, 209-216.

- Borga, M., A. Capovilla, F. Cazorzi and S. Fattorelli (1991): Development and application of a real-time flood forecasting system in the Veneto Region of Italy. Water Resour. Manag., 5, 209-216.

- Bougeault, P., A. Jansa Clar, B. Benech, B. Carissimo, J. Pelon, and E. Richard (1990): Momentum budget over the Pyrénées: The PYREX experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 806-818.

- Bougeault, P., A. Jansa Clar, J.L. Attié, I. Beau, B. Bénech, R. Benoit, P. Bessemoulin, J.L. Caccia, J. Campins, B. Carissimo, J.L. Champeaux, M. Crochet, A. Druilhet, P. Durand, A. Elkhalfi, P. Flamant, A. Genoves, M. Georgelin, K.P. Hoinka, V. Klaus, E. Koffi, V. Kotroni, C. Mazaudier, J. Pelon, M. Petitdidier, Y. Pointin, D. Puech, E. Richard, T. Satomura, J. Stein, and D. Tannhauser (1993): The atmospheric momentum budget over a major mountain range: First results of the PYREX field program. Ann. Geophys., 11, 395-418.

- Bougeault, P., Chen De Hui, B. Fleury, and J. Laurent (1994): Investigation of the seeing via atmospheric mesoscale numerical simulation. Applied Optics, (in print).

- Brandford, G. E. and M. E. Meadows (1990): Finite element simulation of nonlinear kinematic surface runoff. J. Hydrol., 119, 335-356.

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- Brighton, P.W.M (1978): Strongly stratified flow past three-dimensional obstacles. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 104, 289-307.

- Brighton, P.W.M. (1978): Strongly stratified flow past three-dimensional obstacles. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 104, 289-307.

- Broad, A.S. (1995): Linear theory of momentum fluxes in 3-D flows with turning of the mean wind with height. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., (submitted).

- Broccoli, A.J. and S. Manabe (1992): The effects of orography on midlatitude northern hemispheric dry climates. J. Climatol., 5, 1181-1201.

- Brubaker, K. L., and D. Entekhabi (1995): An analytic approach to modeling land-atmosphere interaction, 1, Construct and equilibrium behavior. Water Resour. Res., 31(3), 425-800.

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- Buzzi, A. (1983): Alpine Cyclogenesis events during ALPEX. Riv. Meteor. Aeronautica, 44, 61-67.

- Buzzi, A. and A. Speranza (1986): A theory of deep cyclogenesis in the lee of the Alps. Part II. Effects of finite topographic slope and height. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2826-2837.

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- Buzzi, A. and P.P. Alberoni (1992): Analysis and numerical modelling of a frontal passage associated with thunderstorm development over the Po Valley and the Adriatic Sea. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 48, 205-224.

- Buzzi, A., A. Speranza, S. Tibaldi, and E. Tosi (1987): A unified theory of orographic influences upon cyclogenesis. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 36, 91-107.

- Buzzi, A., A. Trevisan, and A. Speranza (1984): Instabilities of a baroclinic flow related to topographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 637-650.

- Buzzi, A., A. Trevisan, and E. Tosi (1983): Preliminary isentropic analysis of lee cyclogenesis during ALPEX. Riv. Meteor. Aeronautica, 44, 69-78.

- Buzzi, A., A. Trevisan, and E. Tosi (1985): Isentropic analysis of a case of Alpine cyclogenesis. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 58, 273-284.

- Buzzi, A., G. Giovanelli, T. Nanni, and M. Tagliazucca (1984): Study of high ozone concentrations in the troposphere associated with lee cyclogenesis during ALPEX. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 57, 380-392.

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- Buzzi, A., G.M. Morgan, and S. Tibaldi (1991): MATREP - a multi-agency experiment in co-ordinating measurements of thunderstorm phenomena in the Po Valley of northern Italy. Bull. WMO, 40, 321-327.

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- Canavero, F., C. Cuigiani, and G.E. Perona (19$$): Digital microbarometric measurements in the North of Italy during ALPEX and some preliminary date analysis. Riv. Meteor. Aeronautica, $$, $$-$$.

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- Davies, H.C. (1991): Alpine Meteorology. WMO Bull., 40, 235-237.

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- Davies, T. D., and E. Schüpbach (1994): Episodes of high ozone concentration at the earth's surface resulting from transport down from the upper troposphere. A review and case studies. Atmos. Environ., 28, 53-68.

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- Dobesch, H., H. Fritzl und V. Weilguny (1991): Eine Methode zur Simulation der Globalstrahlung in Oesterreich. Wetter und Leben, 43, $$-$$.

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- Donald, J. R., E. D. Soulis, N. Kouwen, and A. Pietroniro (1995): A land cover-based snow cover representation for distributed hydrologic models. Water Resour. Res., 31(4), 995-1009.

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